ASSESSING LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION WITH ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF HEART FAILURE
Abstract
The clinical evaluation of heart failure patients requires assessing left ventricular function, which is closely related to LVEF. The latter helps in forming a comprehensive picture of systolic function and myocardial contractility of the heart. Nomenclature activities in imaging come with paradigms, and in this regard, efforts towards perfecting LVEF measurement by echocardiography have been remarkable. In later stages of development, auto mated capturing and analyzing ultrasound regions of interest in echocardiography paved the way for new perspectives in clinical decision support systems.
References
Lang R. M., Badano L. P., Mor-Avi V., Afilalo J., Armstrong A., Ernande L., ... Voigt J.-U. (2015). Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. *Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 28*(1), 1-39.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003
Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., ... & Wilkoff, B. L. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. *Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70*(6), 776–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.025
Nagueh, S. F., Smiseth, O. A., Appleton, C. P., Byrd, B. F., Dokainish, H., Edvardsen, T., ... Waggoner, A. D. (2016). Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: An update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. *Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 29*(4), 277-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2016.01.011
Ponikowski, P., Voors, A. A., Anker, S. D., Bueno, H., Cleland, J. G., Coats, A. J., ... & van der Meer, P. (2016). 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 37(27), 2129–2200. https://doi.org/10.10993/eurheartj/ehw128
Marwick, T. H., Gillebert, T. C., Aurigemma, G., Chirinos, J., Derumeaux, G., Galderisi, M., ... & Badano, L. (2015). Recommendations on the use of echocardiography in adult hypertension: A report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging, 16(6), 577–605. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev076
Gjesdal, O., Hopp, E., Lunde, K., Helle-Valle, T., Vartdal, T., Aakhus, S. & Smiseth, O. A. (2011). Three-dimensional echocardiography for the quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: A comparison with cardiac MRI. European Heart Journal Cardiovascular Imaging, 12(11), 792–799. https://doi.org/10.10993/ejechocard/jer123
Bozkurt, B., Coats, A. J. S., Tsutsui, H., Abdelhamid, M., Adamopoulos, S., Aguilar, D., ... & Zieroth, S. (2021). Universal definition and classification of heart failure: A report from the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the ESC, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 27(4), 387–413.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.01.022
