ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОГО УЧЕТА ЛИЦ, РАНЕЕ СОВЕРШИВШИХ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ
Abstract
Ushbu maqola retsidiv jinoyatchilikning oldini olish va huquqbuzarlarni qayta ijtimoiylashtirishning samarali usullarini aniqlash maqsadida ilgari jinoyat sodir etgan shaxslarni profilaktik hisobga olishning xalqaro tajribasini tahlil etishga qaratilgan. Tahlillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, keng qamrovli profilaktik hisobga olish tizimiga ega bo‘lgan mamlakatlarda retsidiv jinoyatchilik darajasi bunday tizimga ega bo‘lmagan mamlakatlarga nisbatan 15-35 foizga pasaygan. Texnologik yechimlarni qayta ijtimoiylashtirish jarayoniga individual yondashuv bilan uyg‘unlashtirgan modellar eng samarali natija bergan. Profilaktik hisobning to‘rtta asosiy modeli aniqlangan: Amerika (jamoat xavfsizligiga urg‘u berish), Skandinaviya (qayta ijtimoiylashtirish), Kontinental Yevropa (ma’muriy) va Kanada (muvozanatli). Profilaktik hisobning samaradorligi ijtimoiy xizmatlar bilan integratsiyalashuv, zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanish, jamoat xavfsizligi va inson huquqlari o‘rtasidagi muvozanatni ta’minlashga bog‘liq. Tadqiqot natijalari muhim amaliy ahamiyatga ega.
References
1. Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2019). The psychology of criminal conduct (6th ed.). Routledge https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono /10.4324/9781315677187-9/psychology-criminal-conduct-james-bonta-andrews
2. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2022). Probation and parole in the United States, 2021. U.S. Department of Justice https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/probation-and-parole-united-states-2022
3. Council of Europe. (2020). Probation rules: Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)1 of the Committee of Ministers. Council of Europe Publishing https://rm.coe.int/16800cc249
4. Durnescu, I. (2019). European probation supervision: Between assistance and control. European Journal of Probation, 11(3), 147-161 https://www.cep-probation.org/knowledgebases/probation-in-europe-research/
5. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. (2021). Treatment and care for older drug users. Publications Office of the European Union.
6. Farrall, S., & Calverley, A. (2021). Understanding desistance from crime: Theoretical directions in resettlement and rehabilitation. Open University Press.
7. Gendreau, P., & Andrews, D. A. (2019). What works in corrections: A century of research. Journal of Criminal Justice, 67, 45-52.
8. International Centre for Prison Studies. (2020). World prison brief: Global trends in imprisonment. Birkbeck, University of London.
9. Maruna, S. (2018). Making good: How ex-convicts reform and rebuild their lives (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association.
10. McNeill, F., & Beyens, K. (2021). Offender supervision in context: Comparative perspectives on probation and parole. Willan Publishing.
11. Ministry of Justice. (2021). Proven reoffending statistics quarterly bulletin: July 2020 to September 2020. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
12. National Institute of Justice. (2020). Electronic monitoring reduces recidivism. U.S. Department of Justice.
13. OECD. (2019). Government at a glance 2019: Criminal justice system. OECD Publishing.
14. Paparozzi, M. A., & Gendreau, P. (2019). An intensive supervision program that worked: Service delivery, professional orientation, and organizational supportiveness. The Prison Journal, 99(4), 399-416.
15. Petersilia, J. (2020). When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry. Oxford University Press.
16. Public Safety Canada. (2021). Corrections and conditional release statistical overview: Annual report 2020. Government of Canada.
17. Raynor, P., & Robinson, G. (2019). Rehabilitation, crime and justice (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
18. Statistics Norway. (2021). Crime statistics: Recidivism rates in Norway 2018-2020. Statistics Norway.
19. Travis, J., Western, B., & Redburn, S. (2019). The growth of incarceration in the United States: Exploring causes and consequences. National Academies Press.
20. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). Global study on homicide 2019: Trends in criminal justice responses. United Nations.
21. Van Kalmthout, A., & Durnescu, I. (2019). Probation in Europe. Wolf Legal Publishers.
22. Walmsley, R. (2021). World prison population list (13th edition). Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research.
23. Wodahl, E. J., Garland, B., Culhane, S. E., & McCarty, W. P. (2020). Utilizing behavioral interventions to improve supervision outcomes in community-based corrections. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 47(9), 1106-1125.
24. Zara, G., & Farrington, D. P. (2019). Childhood and adolescent predictors of late onset criminal careers. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(8), 1519-1532.
25. Zheng, Y. (2019). Electronic monitoring in the criminal justice system: A review of the literature. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(12), 2075-2097.
