MONOTSIT/MAKROFAG DISBALANSI VA ATEROSKLEROZ BLYASHKA BARQARORLIGI VA TOMIR LÜMENI TORAYISHIDAGI O‘ZGARISHLARNING PATOFIZIOLOGIK O‘RINLARI
Keywords:
Ateroskleroz, monotsit/makrofag disbalansi, M1/M2 fenotipi, blyashka barqarorligi, foam hujayralar, efferotsitoz, vaskulyar qayta qurilish, tomir lümeni torayishi, yallig‘lanish, apoptoz.Abstract
Ateroskleroz – yurak-qon tomir kasalliklarining asosiy sababchisi bo‘lib, uning rivojlanishida yallig‘lanish jarayonlari, ayniqsa monotsitlar va makrofaglar faoliyatidagi disbalans muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Ushbu sharhli maqolada 2015-2025-yillarda chop etilgan zamonaviy ilmiy ma’lumotlar asosida ateroskleroz patogenezidagi monotsit/makrofag sistemasining barqarorligi buzilishining mexanizmlari, uning aterosklerotik blyashkaning tarkibi, barqarorligi va tomir lümeni torayishiga ta’siri chuqur tahli l qilinadi. Maqolada shuni ko‘rsatiladiki, periferik qondan monotsitlarning endotelial singdirilishi va keyingi makrofagga differensatsiyalanishi murakkab sitokin va kemokin signalizatsiyasi bilan tartibga solinadi. Ushbu jarayonda M1 (pro-yallig‘lanish) va M2 (anti-yallig‘lanish, yallig‘lanishni bartaraf etuvchi) makrofag fenotiplari o‘rtasidagi muvozanatning buzilishi, makrofaglarning oksidlangan lipoproteinflarni (masalan, oksLDL) samarasiz fagotsitoz qilishi (foam hujayralar hosil bo‘lishi) va apoptozga chidamliligining o‘zgarishi blyashkaning asosiy xususiyatlarini belgilaydi. Foam hujayralarning to‘planishi va apoptozi, shuningdek, makrofaglarning efferotsitoz (o‘lik hujayralarni olib tashlash) qobiliyatining pasayishi blyashka yadrosining kattalashishiga va yallig‘lanishning kuchayishiga olib keladi, natijada blyashka barqarorligi buziladi. Blyashka yirtilishi (rupturasi) yoki eroziyasi o‘tkir tomir o‘tkazmaydigan holatlar (infarkt, insult)ning asosiy sababidir. Maqolada, shuningdek, molekulyar tasvirlash usullari yordamida aniqlangan tomir devori qalinlashishi va lümen torayishining anatomik o‘zgarishlari dinamikasi, shu jumladan qayta qurilish (remodeling) jarayonlari ham ko‘rib chiqiladi. Yagona monotsit/makrofag disbalansining turli bosqichlari va klinik ogibatlarini aniqlash yangi diagnostika va terapevtik strategiyalarni ishlab chiqish uchun zarurdir [1,2,3].
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