QON PH SILJISHINING NEYTROFIL FAGOTSITOZ VA FAGOLIZOSOMA KISLOTALANISHIGA TA’SIRI HUJAYRAVIY IMMUNITETNING ASOSIY MEXANIZMLARINI O‘RGANISH
Keywords:
neytrofil, fagotsitoz, fagolizosoma, kislotalanish, qon pH, asidoz, metabolik buzilish, vakuolyar ATPaza, o‘z-o‘zini himoya, yallig‘lanish.Abstract
Neytrofillar – bu tabiiy immunitetning asosiy hujayralari bo‘lib, ular o‘tkir yallig‘lanish jarayonida patogenlarni fagotsitoz qilish va yo‘q qilish orqali birinchi mudofaa chizig‘ini tashkil qiladi. Ushbu jarayonlarning samaradorligi ko‘plab omillarga bog‘liq bo‘lib, ulardan biri – atrof-muhitning kislotalilik darajasi yoki pHdir. Qon pH siljishi (asidoz yoki alkaloz) organizmning muhim homeostatik ko‘rsatkichi hisoblanib, u turli patologik holatlar (sepsis, shok, metabolik buzilishlar, nafas olish yetishmovchiligi) davrida kuzatiladi. So‘nggi o‘n yillikda o‘tkazilgan tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, qon pHning pastayishi (metabolik yoki nafas asidozi) neytrofillarning fagotsitoz qobiliyatiga, shuningdek, fagolizosomada sodir bo‘ladigan kislotalanish jarayoniga sezilarli ta’sir ko‘rsatadi. Fagotsitoz – bu patogenlarni hujayra ichiga olish jarayoni, keyin esa ular fagolizosomalarda oksidlovchi va gidrolitik vositalar yordamida yo‘q qilinadi. Fagolizosomalarning yetarli darajada kislotalanishi – lizosomal fermentlar (masalan, katepsinlar, lizozim) faolligi va reaktiv kislorod turlari (RKT) ishlab chiqarish uchun zarur shart hisoblanadi. [1,2] Ushbu maqolada 2015-2025 yillar oralig‘ida e’lon qilingan ilmiy ishlar asosida qon pH siljishining neytrofil fagotsitoz faolligi va fagolizosoma kislotalanishining dinamikasi va funksional natijalariga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, engil asidoz (pH 7.2-7.35) ba’zi fagotsitar funksiyalarni vaqtincha kuchaytirishi mumkin bo‘lsa-da, aniq va surunkali asidoz (pH <7.2) neytrofil yopishish, kemotaksis, fagotsitoz va o‘ldirish funksiyalarini sezilarli darajada susaytiradi, bu esa patogenlarni tozalashda pasayishga olib keladi. [3,4] Fagolizosoma kislotalanishi esa vakuolyar tip ATPazalarning (V-ATPaza) faolligiga bog‘liq bo‘lib, pH pasayishi bu pumpaning ishini buzishi va ion kanallarining funksiyasini o‘zgartirishi mumkin. [5] Natijada, bakterial patogenlarni yo‘q qilish samaradorligi kamayadi, bu esa infektsiyalarning og‘irlashishi va yallig‘lanishning surunkalashuviga olib kelishi mumkin. Ushbu sharhli maqola mavjud dalillarni umumlashtirib, klinik ahamiyatini ochib beradi va kelajakdagi tadqiqotlar yo‘nalishlarini belgilaydi. [6]
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