CROHN’S DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW
Abstract
Crohn’s disease, also known as terminal ileitis when it primarily affects the ileum, is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is characterized by patchy inflammation that penetrates deeply into the intestinal walls, causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Although its exact cause is unknown, a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune factors is implicated in its pathogenesis. This article explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and the psychosocial impact of Crohn’s disease. Emphasis is placed on the importance of early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and advancements in therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
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