THE GLOBAL STUDY OF RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS (1918-1934)
Keywords:
Turkestan, resistance movements, Basmachi, historiography, Turkish scholarship, Russian historiography, European historians, Central Asia, anti-colonialism, post-colonial studies, Soviet legacy, national liberation.Abstract
This article examines how resistance movements in Turkestan and Central Asia have been studied by Turkish, Russian, and European historians. It analyzes the differing narratives shaped by national identity, ideology, and academic tradition. Turkish historiography emphasizes heroic anti-colonial struggle rooted in shared cultural ties. Russian scholarship has shifted from imperial and Soviet distortions to more balanced post-Soviet perspectives. European historians, meanwhile, have moved from orientalist and strategic interpretations to post-colonial, interdisciplinary analyses. By comparing these schools of thought, the article highlights the importance of diverse historiographical approaches in understanding resistance as both political defiance and a cultural response to empire.
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