TUG'RUQDAN KEYINGI DAVRDA 2-TURDAGI QANDLI DIABET XAVFINI ERTA ANIQLASHDA ANTROPOMETRIK KO'RSATKICHLAR, HAYOT TARZI VA GENETIK OMILLARNING AHAMIYATI
Keywords:
gestatsion qandli diabet, 2-turdagi qandli diabet, antropometrik ko'rsatkichlar, hayot tarzi, genetik omillar, tug'ruqdan keyingi davr, xavf baholash, insulin rezistentligi, vazn boshqarish, profilaktika.Abstract
Gestatsion qandli diabet (GDM) anamnezi bo'lgan ayollar tug'ruqdan keyingi davrda 2-turdagi qandli diabet (T2DM) rivojlanishi uchun yuqori xavf guruhini tashkil etadi. Ushbu sharhli maqola so'nggi o'n yil (2015-2025) davomida e'lon qilingan ilmiy ma'lumotlarni umumlashtirib, tug'ruqdan keyingi davrda T2DM xavfini erta aniqlashda antropometrik ko'rsatkichlar, hayot tarzi va genetik omillarning integratsiyalashgan ahamiyatini o'rganadi. Maqolada GDM anamnezi bo'lgan ayollarda T2DM rivojlanishining patofiziologik mexanizmlari, xususan, insulin rezistentligi va beta-hujayra disfunksiyasining davomiyligi tahlii qilinadi. Antropometrik ko'rsatkichlar qatorida tana massasi indeksi (TMI), bel aylanasining son aylanasiga nisbati (WHtR), bel aylanasining son aylanasiga nisbati (WHR) va tananing yog' massasi indeksi kardiometabolik xavfni aniq aks ettiruvchi ahamiyatli prognostik ko'rsatkichlar sifatida ko'rib chiqiladi. Hayot tarzi omillari, jumladan, fizik faollik darajasi, ovqatlanish odatlari, tabiiy ravishda emizishning davomiyligi va vazn ortish sur'atlari T2DM rivojlanish xavfini modulyatsiya qilishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Shuningdek, genetik omillar, xususan TCF7L2, PPARG, KCNJ11 kabi genlarning polimorfizmlari va ularning epigenetik modifikatsiyalari bilan o'zaro ta'siri tahlii qilinadi. Maqolada shuni ko'rsatadigan dalillar mavjudki, ushbu multifaktorial omillarni birlashtirgan skrining algoritmlari an'anaviy risk baholash usullariga qaraganda T2DM rivojlanish xavfini aniqroq prognozlash imkonini beradi. Tug'ruqdan keyingi davrda amalga oshiriladigan intensiv aralashuvlar, jumladan, vazn boshqarish, individual lashtirilgan parvarish qilish va metabolik monitoring T2DM rivojlanishining kechikishini yoki oldini olishni ta'minlashi mumkin. Xulosa qilib aytganda, GDM anamnezi bo'lgan ayollarda T2DM xavfini erta aniqlash va samarali oldini olish strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish uchun antropometrik, hayot tarzi va genetik omillarni kompleks baholash zarur.
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